讓一個(gè)線程進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài)
當(dāng)我們創(chuàng)建一個(gè)線程后,我們需要調(diào)用線程對(duì)象的Start()方法來調(diào)度那個(gè)線程。在這時(shí),CLR將會(huì)為作為構(gòu)造函數(shù)參數(shù)傳遞給線程對(duì)象的方法地址分配一個(gè)時(shí)間片。一旦線程開始執(zhí)行,它就可以在操作系統(tǒng)處理其他線程時(shí)回到睡眠狀態(tài)或者退出狀態(tài)。我們可以使用線程類的Sleep()方法讓一個(gè)線程進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài)。如果你正在等待一個(gè)資源并且你想在稍后繼續(xù)嘗試訪問這個(gè)資源時(shí),Sleep()方法是很重要的。舉個(gè)例子,假設(shè)你的程序由于無法訪問需要的資源而導(dǎo)致其不能繼續(xù)執(zhí)行時(shí),你可能想要在幾毫秒之后嘗試?yán)^續(xù)訪問資源,在這種情況下讓線程在再次嘗試訪問資源之前睡眠一段時(shí)間是一個(gè)很好的方式。
Sleep()方法有兩種重載方式。第一種重載方法有一個(gè)整型參數(shù),并會(huì)按照指定的毫秒時(shí)間暫停線程執(zhí)行。例如,如果你向線程傳遞值100,那么線程將會(huì)暫停100毫秒。這個(gè)方法將會(huì)讓線程進(jìn)入WaitSleepJoin狀態(tài)。讓我們看一個(gè)例子,thread_sleep2.cs:
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- using System;
- using System.Collections.Generic;
- using System.Text;
- using System.Threading;
- namespace SimpleThread
- {
- public class ThreadSleep
- {
- public static Thread worker;
- public static Thread worker2;
- public static void Main()
- {
- Console.WriteLine("Entering the void Main!");
- worker = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Counter));
- worker2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(Counter2));
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- worker2.Priority = ThreadPriority.Highest;
- worker.Start();
- worker2.Start();
- Console.WriteLine("Exiting the void Main!");
- Console.ReadLine();
- }
- public static void Counter()
- {
- Console.WriteLine("Entering Counter");
- for (int i = 1; i <50; i++)
- {
- Console.Write(i + " ");
- if (i == 10)
- {
- Console.WriteLine();
- Thread.Sleep(1000);
- }
- }
- Console.WriteLine("Exiting Counter");
- }
- public static void Counter2()
- {
- Console.WriteLine("Entering Counter2");
- for (int i = 51; i <100; i++)
- {
- Console.Write(i + " ");
- if (i == 70)
- {
- Console.WriteLine();
- Thread.Sleep(5000);
- }
- }
- Console.WriteLine("Exiting Counter2");
- }
- }
- }
Counter()方法從1到50計(jì)數(shù),當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)10以后睡眠1000毫秒。Counter2()方法從51~100計(jì)數(shù),當(dāng)?shù)竭_(dá)70時(shí)睡眠5000毫秒。下面是輸出結(jié)果:

注:以上是在多核CPU下運(yùn)行的結(jié)果,單核CPU 執(zhí)行情況可能與上圖有所出入。
第二種重載方法有一個(gè)TimeSpan類型參數(shù),當(dāng)前線程會(huì)按照TimeSpan的值暫停一段時(shí)間。TimeSpan是System命名空間中的一個(gè)類。TimeSpan有一些很有用的屬性并會(huì)返回基于時(shí)鐘時(shí)間間隔。
我們可以使用FromSeconds()和FromMinutes()來確定睡眠時(shí)間。下面是一個(gè)例子,thread_sleep3.cs:
- public static void Counter()
- {
- Console.WriteLine("Entering Counter");
- for (int i = 1; i <50; i++)
- {
- Console.Write(i + " ");
- if (i == 10)
- {
- Console.WriteLine();
- Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
- }
- }
- Console.WriteLine("Exiting Counter");
- }
- public static void Counter2()
- {
- Console.WriteLine("Entering Counter2");
- for (int i = 51; i <100; i++)
- {
- Console.Write(i + " ");
- if (i == 70)
- {
- Console.WriteLine();
- Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
- }
- }
- Console.WriteLine("Exiting Counter2");
- }
輸出結(jié)果與thread_sleep2類似。
中斷一個(gè)線程
當(dāng)讓一個(gè)線程睡眠時(shí),它實(shí)際會(huì)進(jìn)入WaitSleepJoin狀態(tài)。如果線程處理睡眠狀態(tài),那么在它超時(shí)退出之前唯一可以喚醒線程的方式是使用Interrupt()方法。Interrupt()方法將讓線程回到調(diào)度隊(duì)列中去。讓我們看一個(gè)例子,thread_interrupt.cs:
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- using System;
- using System.Collections.Generic;
- using System.Text;
- using System.Threading;
- namespace SimpleThread
- {
- public class Interrupt
- {
- public static Thread sleeper;
- public static Thread worker;
- public static void Main()
- {
- Console.WriteLine("Entering the void Main!");
- sleeper = new Thread(new ThreadStart(SleepingThread));
- worker = new Thread(new ThreadStart(AwakeThread));
- sleeper.Start();
- worker.Start();
- Console.WriteLine("Exiting the void Main!");
- Console.ReadLine();
- }
- public static void SleepingThread()
- {
- for (int i = 1; i <50; i++)
- {
- Console.Write(i + " ");
- if (i == 10 || i == 20 || i == 30)
- {
- Console.WriteLine("Going to sleep at: " + i);
- try
- {
- Thread.Sleep(20);
- }
- catch (ThreadInterruptedException ex)
- {
- Console.WriteLine(ex.Message);
- }
- }
- }
- }
- public static void AwakeThread()
- {
- for (int i = 51; i <100; i++)
- {
- Console.Write(i + " ");
- if (sleeper.ThreadState == ThreadState.WaitSleepJoin)
- {
- Console.WriteLine("Interrupting the sleeping thread.");
- sleeper.Interrupt();
- }
- }
- }
- }
- }
在上面的例子中,當(dāng)計(jì)數(shù)器的值為10, 20 和 30 時(shí)第一個(gè)線程會(huì)睡眠。第二個(gè)線程會(huì)檢查第一個(gè)線程是否已經(jīng)進(jìn)入睡眠狀態(tài)。如果是的話,它將中斷第一個(gè)線程并使它回到調(diào)度隊(duì)列中去。Interrupt()方法是讓睡眠線程重新醒來的最好方式,當(dāng)線程等待的資源可用且你想讓線程繼續(xù)運(yùn)行時(shí)你可以使用這個(gè)方法。輸出結(jié)果與下面顯示的類似:

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